What is Cataract Surgery? Cataract surgery is a procedure that removes the clouded lens of the eye, known as a cataract, and replaces it with an artificial lens, called an intraocular lens (IOL). This surgery is the most effective and common way to treat cataracts, restoring vision and providing long-lasting results. Outpatient Procedure: Most cataract surgeries are performed on an outpatient basis, which means you can go home the same day.