Maglev trains, as a revolutionary form of ground transportation, possess a core appeal that lies in the complete elimination of physical contact and frictional resistance between wheels and tracks. One of the key technologies enabling this is superconductivity. When certain special materials (such as yttrium barium copper oxide) are cooled to extremely low temperatures (such as the liquid nitrogen temperature range of -196°C), they enter a superconducting state, exhibiting two remarkable properties: zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism (Meissner effect). Placing this superconducting material at the bottom of the train, while permanent magnets or electromagnetic coils are laid on the track, the powerful repulsive force generated by the perfect diamagnetism allows the train to levitate stably about 10 millimeters above the track. Subsequently, traveling waves generated by the changing electromagnetic field on the track propel the train silently, smoothly, and at high speed. This is n
